First-person pronouns are words used to refer to oneself or a group to which one belongs. The number of pronouns used in Korean far exceeds that of English, because each one carries a different nuance. Which one is used depends on the relationship between speaker and listener, as well as the situation.
Note that in some cases, the pronoun can be omitted completely, through the use of ellipsis.
It is also possible to refer to oneself by one's position, particularly in a family situation. For example, parents may refer to themselves as 아빠 (appa, dad), or 엄마 (eomma, mom).
Formation
The following is a list of Korean first person pronouns.
저 (jeo) is a humbling first-person pronoun, and is also the most commonly used pronoun in Korean. As it is a humbling way to say \\\"I,\\\" it imparts a sense of respect to the other party. In its' place, most Koreans use 나 (na), a informal first-person pronoun.
When used in conjunction with the subject marking particle, 저 (jeo) changes to 제 (je). (제가, je-ga)
나 (na) is an informal first-person pronoun. It may also be used in formal contexts where the speaker feels that 저 (jeo) is too polite and inappropriate for the relationship with the listener. It is used in informal contexts, and when the speaker does not feel the need to show the highest respect to the listener.
When used in conjunction with the subject marking particle, 나 (na) changes to 내 (nae). (내가, nae-ga)
저 희들 (jeohuideul) is a polite first-person plural pronoun. It imparts a sense of respect, and in its' place, most Koreans use 우리 (uri), a neutral first-person plural pronoun.
우 리들 (urideul) is an intimiate first-person plural pronoun. It may also be used in formal contexts where the speaker feels that 저희들 (jeohuideul) is too formal.
Example Sentences
1.죄송합니다, 저는 바쁨니다.
(jeosonghamnida, jeo-neun bappeumnida.)
Sorry, I am busy.
2.나랑 먹고 싶어?
(na-rang meokgo sipeo?)
Do you want to eat with me?
3.저희들은 학교 같이 다녔어요.
(jeohuideul-eun hakgyo gachi danyeosseoyo.)
We went to school together.
4.우리들은 학생들입니다.
(urideul-eun haksaeng-deul-imnida)
We are students.
Notes
Pronouns (and subjects) can be omitted by process of ellipsis.
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잘 (jal) is an adverb that means "well," and it is used to describe one's adequate ability or capability of an action verb. When used in conjunction with the impossibility adverb 못 (mot), it describes ones inadequate ability or capability of an action verb.
Formation
1.잘 is an adverb and comes directly before action verbs.
잘 + 동사
well + verb
잘 먹어. - I eat well.
2.When used in conjunction with 하다 verbs that contain nouns, it is placed between the noun and 하다.
명사 + 잘 + 동사
noun + well + verb
농구 잘 해. - I'm good at basketball.
3.When the negative adverb 못 (mot) is used, the order is:
잘 + 못 + 동사
well + can't + verb
농구 잘 못 해. - I'm not good at basketball.
Example Sentences
1.저는 글을 잘 써요.
(jeo-neun geul-eul jal sseoyo.)
I write well.
2.민수 씨는 운동을 잘 해요.
(Minsu ssi-neun undong-eul jal haeyo.)
Minsoo is good at sports.
3.그림을 잘 그려요.
(geurim-eul jal geuryeoyo.)
I draw pictures well.
Notes
Some phrases 잘 is commonly used with
1.잘 갔어? - Did go home well?
2.잘 잤어? - Did you sleep well?
3.잘 지냈어? - Have you been well?
4.잘 모르겠어. - I'm not sure.
There are native Korean names used to express the number of days. Sino-Korean numbers + 일(il) is a more formal usage than the native names for the number of days.
Example Sentences
1 day = 하루 (haru) = 1일 (iril)
2 days = 이틀 (iteul) = 2일 (iil)
3 days = 사흘 (saheul) = 3일 (samil)
4 days = 나흘 (naheul) = 4일 (sail)
5 days = 닷새 (dassae) = 5일 (oil)
6 days = 엿새 (yeossae) = 6일 (yugil)
7 days = 이레 (ire) = 7일 (chiril)
8 days = 여드레 (yeodeure) = 8일 (paril)
9 days = 아흐레 (aheure) = 9일 (guil)
10 days = 열흘 (yeolheul) = 10일 (sibil)
15 days = 보름 (boreum) = 15일 (siboil)
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