안 -아/어/여도 되다 (an -a/eo/yeodo doeda) is a structure that means "don't have to" or "don't need to." The first word 안 (an), which means "not," comes before the verb and you attach -아/어/여도 되다 (-a/eo/yeodo doeda) at the end of the verb stem. Here, 되다 (doeda) means "it is okay" or "it is fine," and 안 (an) + -아/어/여도 (-a/eo/yeodo) means "even if + not." Therefore, all together this structure literally means "even if you don't do X, it is okay." We can replace 되다 (doeda) with 괜찮다 (gwaenchanta), which means "it's okay."
Example:
안 가도 돼요? (an gado dwaeyo?)
= 안 가도 괜찮아요? (an gado gwaenchanayo?)
Formation
안 + Verb Stem + -아/어/여도 되다
하다 (hada) "to do"
하 (ha) - verb stem
안 (an) + 해도 (haedo) + 되다 (doeda)
안 해도 되다. (an haedo doeda) - "don't have to do it"
오늘 안 해도 돼요. (oneul an haedo dwaeyo)
"You don't have to do it today."
Example Sentences
지금 안 해도 돼. [하다]
jigeum an haedo dwae
"I don't have to do it now."
선생님한테 안 물어봐도 돼? [물어보다]
seonsaengnim-hante an mureobwado dwae?
"You don't have to ask your teacher?"
제가 안 도와줘도 돼요? [도와주다]
je-ga an dowajeodo dwaeyo?
"I don't need to help you?"
저녁 안 먹어도 괜찮아요?
jeonyeok an meogeodo gwaenchanayo?
"You don't have to eat dinner?"
이 책은 안 읽어도 괜찮아요.
i chaek-eun an ilgeodo gwaenchanayo
"I don't have to read this book."
Notes
To say "don't have to" more literally, you can also use the structure -ㄹ/을 필요가 없다 (l/eul piryo-ga eopda). 필요 (piryo) means "necessity" so this literally means "there isn't/don't have the necessity to." However, it is still more common to say 안 + verb stem + -아/어/여도 되다.
Example:
청소하다 (cheongsohada) = "to clean"
청소 안 해도 돼요. (cheongso an haedo dwaeyo) = "I don't have to clean."
= 청소 할 필요가 없어요. (cheongso hal piryo-ga eopseoyo) = "It's not necessary to clean."
안 (an) is an adverb which functions to negate a verb. It is typically translated as "not" or "do not." It is usually used with action verbs, and placed before the verb. When used in conjunction with action 하다 (hada) verbs, it is usually placed after the 하다 (hada) noun and right before 하다 (hada). For non-action 하다 (hada) verbs, it is placed before the whole verb.
Formation
[안] + [동사]
[an] + [dongsa]
[do not] + [verb]
[명사] + [안] + [하다 동사]
[myeongsa] + [an] + [hada dongsa]
[noun] + [not] + [hada verb]
[안] + [하다 동사]
[an] + [hada dongsa]
[not] + [hada verb]
Example Sentences
1.오늘 학교 안 갔어요.
oneul hakgyo an gasseoyo.
I didn't go to school today.
2.저는 공부 안 해요.
jeo-neun gongbu an haeyo.
I don't study.
3.커피를 안 좋아해요.
keopi-reul an johahaeyo.
I don't like coffee.
Related Expressions
못, ~지않다.
아 /어/여야 되다/하다 (a/eo/yeoya doeda/hada) is a sentence ending that means "should, must," or "have to." The last verb 되다 (doeda) literally means "to become" and 하다 (hada) means "to do" but here, combined with the -아/어/여 (a/eo/yeo) + 야 (ya) conjugation, it means "should/must/have to." 되다 (doeda) and 하다 (hada) are usually interchangeable, but we use 되다 (doeda) more often in colloquial situations.
Formation
Verb Stem +아/어/여야 되다/하다
1. 가다 (gada) "to go"
가 (ga) - verb stem
가 + -아야 되다/하다
가야 되다 (gaya doeda) "should go"
지금 가야 돼요/해요. (jigeum gaya dwaeyo/haeyo) "I have to go now."
2. 듣다 (deutda) "to hear/listen"
듣 (deut) - verb stem (ㄷ irregular)
듣 + 어야 되다/하다 (ㄷ changes to ㄹ)
들어야 되다 (deureoya doeda) "should listen"
이 노래를 들어야 돼요. (i norae-reul deureoya dwaeyo/haeyo) "I have to listen to this song."
Example Sentences
집에 가야 돼요.
jibe gaya dwaeyo.
"I have to go home."
언제까지 해야 돼요?
eonje-kkaji haeya dwaeyo?
"When do you have to finish it by?"
꼭 해야 돼요?
kkok haeya dwaeyo?
"Do you really have to do it?"
저는 뭐 해야 해요?
jeo-neun mwo haeya haeyo?
"What do I have to do?"
서둘러야 돼요.
seodulleoya dwaeyo
"You need to hurry up."
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