- 기로 하다 (-giro hada) is a sentence ending, used for agreements. It is often used in situations to make plans with someone, agreeing on a way or method of doing something, and, or making a resolution to oneself. This can be translated as "agreed to (verb)" or "made plans to (verb)."
This construction is used with action verbs. The final verb 하다 (hada) is where the verb is conjugated according tense, negation, or politeness level.
Formation
Verb Stem + 기로 하다
하다 (hada) - to do
하 (ha) - verb stem
하 + 기로 하다 = 하기로 하다
하기로 하다 (hagiro hada) - Agreed to do/Made plans to do
내일 축구하기로 했어. - naeil chukguhagiro haesseo
We agreed to make play soccer.
Example Sentences
1.아침에 전화하기로 했어.
(achim-e jeonhwahagiro haesseo.)
We agreed to talk on the phone in the morning.
2.저는 담배를 끊기로 했어요.
(jeo-neun dambae-reul kkeunkiro haesseoyo.)
I agreed to quit smoking. (to a friend, to myself - this is unclear)
3.6월에 찬구랑 한국에 만나기로 했어.
(yuwol-e chingu-rang hanguk-e mannagiro haesseo.)
I agreed with a friend to meet in Korea in June.
Notes
Often, this construction ends in the past tense, 횄다 (haetda).
This grammatical structure expresses multiple actions or states happening at the same time, giving each of the actions/states an equal probability/frequency.This structure can be used to show contrast between an action/state's taking place and not taking place, or contrast between two different actions/states. It is traslated into English as "sometimes + verb A, sometimes verb B" or "verb A + B at the same time."
Formation
Verb stem + -기도 하고 + verb stem + -기도 하다
Ex) 좋다 + 나쁘다
▷▷ 좋기도 하고, 나쁘기도 해요.
(= It's sometimes good, sometimes bad.)
(= It's good and bad at the same time.)
Ex) 하다 x 2
▷▷ 하기도 하고, 안 하기도 해요.
(= Sometimes I do it, sometimes I don't.)
Example Sentences
1. 소주를 좋아하기도 하고, 싫어하기도 해요. [좋아하다, 싫어하다] (soju-reul joahagido hago, sireohagido haeyo.)
- I sometimes like soju, and sometimes I hate it.
2. 좋기도 하고 나쁘기도 해요. [좋다, 나쁘다] (jokido hago, nappeugido haeyo.)
- It's good and bad at the same time.
3. 맵기도 하고, 달기도 해요. [맵다, 달다] (maepgido hago, dalgido haeyo.)
- It's spicy and sweet at the same time.
4. 어렵기도 하고, 재미있기도 해요. [어렵다, 재미있다] (eoryeopgido hago, jaemiitgido haeyo)
- It's difficult and interesting at the same time.
5. 그렇기도 하고, 그렇지 않기도 해요. [그렇다] (geureokido hago, geureochi ankido haeyo)
- It is so, but it is not so at the same time.
Notes
-기 is basically the nominalized form of a verb, so -기도 하고, -기도 하다 comes from the concept of "do this verb and also do this verb."
--
This grammatical structure is generally used to show contrast between two actions or states, or two contrary characteristics of a single action or state. The basic form of this grammtical structure is:
-기는 + -ㄴ/는다 (present tense)
But the later part can be changed according to the tense.
-기는 + 아/어/여 = ㅆ다 (past tense)
-기는 + -ㄹ/을 것이다 (future tense)
Since this grammar pattern is used to show contrast, it is often translated into English as 'I Do + Verb + (but/although ...)' (present tense), 'I Did + Verb + (but/although ...)' (past tense), or 'I Will + Verb + (but/although ...)'.
Example Sentences
1. 가기는 갔는데 재미없었어. (gagineun gatneunde jaemieopseosseo.)
- I did go there, but it wasn't interesting.
2. 보기는 봤는데 이해를 못 했어. (bogineun bwatneunde ihae-reul mot haesseo.)
- I did see it, but I couldn't understand it.
3. 읽기는 읽은 것 같은데 기억이 안 나. (ilkkineun ilgeun geot gateunde gieok-i an na.)
- I think I did read it, but I don't remember.
4. 오긴 올 건데, 금방 가야 돼. (ogineun ol geonde, geumbang gayadwae.)
- I will come here, but I have to go soon.
5. 알기는 아는데, 하기가 싫어. (algineun aneunde, hagiga sireo.)
- I do know, but I don't want to do it.
Notes
-기는 is often shortened to -긴 in colloquial situations.
When you want to say that something is expected or bound to be a certain way, or that something is most natural to be a certain way, you can use this expression. Among many expressions that mean the same thing, this expression is more commonly used in proverbs or sayings. We also more commonly use this when talking about general rules in life.
Formation
Verb stem + -기/게 + 마련이다
(Both -기 마련이다 and -게 마련이다 are accepted.)
For Example:
- 돈이 있으면 쓰게 마련이다.
don-i isseumyeon sseuge maryeonida.
"If you have money, it's predictable that you will spend it." - 자주 만나면 친해지게 마련이에요.
jaju mannamyeon chinhaejige maryeonieyo.
"If you meet often, you naturally will get closer to each other."
Example Sentences
- 외국에 나가면 가족 생각이 나게 마련이야.
oeguk-e nagamyeon gajok saenggak-i nage maryeoniya.
"When you go abroad, it's most natural that you start missing your family." - 시간은 어떻게든 흐르기 마련이에요.
sigan-eun eotteokedeun heureugi maryeonieyo.
"Time is bound to pass anyway." - 성공이 있으면 실패도 있기 마련이에요.
seonggong-i isseumyeon, silpae-do itgi maryeonieyo.
"When there is success, there is bound to be failures, too."
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