- 지 그랬어 (-ji geuraesseo) is a grammatical structure that means "why didn't you... / it would have been better if you had..." or "you should have... ." Originally, this structure comes from -지 그렇게 했어 (-ji geureoke haesseo) which literally means "Why did you do that instead of doing this?" So as a set structure, we translate it into English as "why didn't you...," or "you should have... ." You can add -요 at the end to make it sound more polite, or make the verb honorific by saying 그러셨어요 (geureosyeosseoyo), too.
Formation
Verb Stem + 지 그랬어(요)
하다 (hada) "to do"
하 (ha) - verb stem
하 + 지 그랬어(요) = 하지 그랬어(요)
친구랑 같이 하지 그랬어.
(chingu-rang gachi haji geuraesseo)
"You should have done it with your friend."
Example Sentences
1. 친구도 데려오지 그랬어.
chingu-do deryeooji geuraesseo.
"Why didn't you bring your friend as well?"
2. 어제 오지 그랬어.
eoje oji geuraesseo.
"Why didn't you come yesterday?"
3. 병원에 가지 그랬어요.
byeongwon-e gaji geurasseoyo.
"You should have gone to see a doctor."
The final-sentence ending 잖아 (janha) is used when the speaker is under the assumption or supposition that the listener knows and agrees with what was just said by the speaker.
This construction comes from the negative sentence ending -지 않아 (ji anha). Because of this, this grammatical construction -잖아 can often translated as "isn't it?" "don't you?" (if these questions were rhetorical). It can also be translated as "as you know..."
In this form it is in the intimate politeness level. The standard politeness level can be achieved by suffixing the politeness particle -요 (-yo) at the end of the construction.
Tense can be expressed by placing the past tense infix (았/었/였) before the verb stem and this construction. Negation can only be expressed by the adverb 안, and not by the negative grammatical construction 지 않다 because this construction is a derivation of that grammatical construction.
Formation
Conjugation of verbs are the same for both descriptive and action verbs.
Verb Stem + -잖아
차갑다 (chagapda) - to be cold
차갑 (chagap) - verb stem
차갑 + 잖아 = 차갑잖아 (chagapjanha) - You know it's cold.
Example Sentences
1.소리가 크잖아.(sori-ga keujanha.)
You know the sound is loud.
2.그 티셔츠는 작잖아. (geu tisyeocheu-neun jakjanha.)
You know, that t-shirt is small.
3.나는 돈이 많잖아. (na-neun don-i manchanha.)
You know I have a lot of money.
4.너는 동생이 없잖아.(neo-neun dongsaeng-i eopjanha.)
You know, you don't have younger siblings.
5.나는 이쁘잖아.(na-neun ippeujanha.)
You know I am pretty.
6.김치찌개는 맵잖아.(gimchijjigae-neun mapjanha.)
You know Kimchi jjigae is spicy.
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