- 하다 (to do) → 하(다) + -자마자 →
▶ 하자마자 (as soon as + do) - 먹다 (to eat) → 먹(다) + -자마자 →
▶ 먹자마자 (as soon as + eat) - 오늘은 집에 가자마자 영화 보러 갈 거야.
(oneul-eun jib-e gajamaja yeonghwa boreo gal geoya.)
“Today, as soon as I get home, I'll go watch a movie.” - 내일 일 끝나자마자 나한테 연락해.
(naeil il kkeutnajamaja na-hante yeonlakhae.)
“Give me a call as soon as you finish work tomorrow.” - 너 가자마자 민수가 왔었어.
(neo gajamaja minsu-ga wasseosseo.)
“As soon as you left, Minsu came.” - 먹자마자 누우면 소화가 안 돼요.
(meokjamaja nuumyeon sohwa-ga an dwaeyo.)
“If you lie down as soon as you eat, you can't digest.” - 보자마자 갑자기 왜 그렇게 화를 내?
(bojamaja gapjagi wae geureoke hwa-reul nae?)
“Why are you getting mad at me so suddenly as soon as you saw me?” - 밥 먹자.
bob meokja.
"Let's eat." - 영화 보러 가자.
yeonghwa boreo gaja.
"Let's go watch a movie." - 놀자!
nolja!
"Let's hang out!" - 자자!
jaja!
"Let's sleep!" - 만나자!
mannaja!
"Let's meet!" - 도망가자!
domanggaja!
"Let's run away!" - 공부하자!
gongbuhaja!
"Let's study!" - 그렇게 하자.
geureotke haja.
"Let's do so." - 집에 가자.
gaja.
"Let's go home." - 잊어버리자.
geuman duja.
"Let's forget about it." - 가다 (gada) "to go"
가 + 기 + 에는 = 가기에는 (gagi-eneun)
가기에는 너무 멀다 (gagi-eneun neomu meolda) "to be too far away to go" - 들다 (deulda) "to lift"
들 + 기 + 에는 = 들기에는 (deulgi-eneun)
들기에는 너무 무겁다 (deulgi-eneun neomu mugeopda) "to be too heavy to lift" - 책을 한 번 읽기만 하면 돼.
chaek-eul han beon ilkgi-man hamyeon dwae.
"All you have to do is just read the book once." - 이걸 보내기만 하면 돼.
igeol bonaegi-man hamyeon dwae.
"You just have to send this." - 나한테 말하기만 하면 돼.
na-hante malhagi-man hamyeon dwae.
"All you have to do is just tell me." - 나가기만 하면 돼.
nagagi-man hamyeon dwae.
"I just have to go outside." - 물어보기만 하면 돼.
mureobogi-man hamyeong dwae.
"You just have to ask."
- 자마자 (jamaja) is the grammatical pattern we use to mean "as soon as" in Korean. Just as in English, we usually use this structure along with another verb or clause to complete the sentence. We express the tense through the other part of the sentence, and always attach –자마자 to the verb stem.
Formation
Verb stem + -자마자
Example Sentences
Notes
We often use –자마자 with words such as 바로 (baro, meaning, “right away”), 빨리 (ppalli, meaning, “quickly”), and 곧 (got, meaning, “soon”).
- 자마자 (-jamaja) is a verb ending that takes the meaning of "as soon as" or "right after." This structure is often used with the word 바로 (baro) which means "right after" or "directly." It is often interchangeable with -고 바로 (-go baro) or -서 바로 (-seo baro), but -자마자 (-jamaja) has a nuance of being a little more urgent and pressing.
Example:
먹다 (meokda) "to eat"
먹자마자 (meokjamaja) "as soon as I ate" = 먹고 바로 (meokgo baro)
집에 가다 (jib-e gada) "to go home"
집에 가자마자 (jib-e gajamaja) "as soon as I went home" = 집에 가서 바로 (jib-e gaseo baro)
Formation
Verb Stem + 자마자
보다 (boda) "to see"
보 (bo) - verb stem
보 + 자마자 = 보자마자 (bojamaja) "as soon as I saw"
이메일을 보자마자 전화했어요. (imeil-eul bojamaja jeonhwahaesseoyo)
"I called you as soon as I saw the email."
들어오다 (deureooda) "to come in"
들어오 (deureoo) - verb stem
들어오 + 자마자 = 들어오자마자 (deureoojamaja) "as soon as I came in"
제가 들어오자마자 비가 내렸어요. (je-ga deureoojamaja bi-ga naeryeosseoyo)
"As soon as I came in, it rained."
Example Sentences
1. 먹자마자 자면 소화가 안 돼요. (meokjamaja jamyeon sohwa-ga an dwaeyo) "If you sleep as soon as you eat, you can't digest well."
2. 소식을 듣자마자 왔어요. (sosik-eul deutjamaja wasseoyo) "I came here as soon as I heard the news."
3. 스무살이 되자마자 차를 살 거예요. (sumusal-i doejamaja cha-reul sal geo-yeyo) "I'll buy a car as soon as I become twenty years old."
4. 이 메시지 듣자마자 연락 주세요. (i mesiji deutjamaja yeollak juseyo) "Please contact me as soon as you hear this message."
5. 제 친구는 돈을 벌자마자 다 써버려요. (je chingu-neun don-eul beoljamaja da sseobeoryeoyo) "My friend spend all his money as soon as he makes money."
5
>
We use this sentence ending to express invitation, persuasion, or solicitation for an action, and -자 is in the intimate politeness form. So make sure you use it only with people with whom you are on intimate terms.
Formation
Whenever we conjugate a verb or a sentence ending to -자, it shows this grammatical structure.
Example Sentences
Notes
-자 is very intimate language. We use it very commonly in everyday conversation, but you have to be very careful with whom you use this grammar point. You can only use this very casual language with family and close friends.
- 까지 (kkaji) is most commonly used to express a range (paired with -부터 (buteo) which means "from"), and depending on the context, it can mean "even" or "so far as."
Formation
Noun + 까지
비(bi)- rain
비 + 까지 (bi-kkaji) - plus the rain
Ex)
날씨도 추운데 비까지 와. (nalssi-do chuunde bi-kkaji wa)
The weather is cold; moreover, it's raining, too.
Example Sentences
1. 늦었는데 버스까지 놓쳤어요. [놓치다] (neujeotneunde beoseu-kkaji nochyeosseoyo)
- I'm late, and to make matters worse, I missed my bus, too.
2. 핸드폰도 없어졌는데 지갑까지 잃어버렸어. [없어지다, 잃어버리다] (haendeupon-do eopseojeotneunede jigap-kkaji ireobeoryeosseo)
- My cell phone is gone, and what's even worse, I lost my wallet, too
3. 우리 엄마, 아빠, 그리고 오빠한테까지 전화했어? [전화하다] (uri eomma appa geurigo oppa-hante-kkaji jeonhwahaesseo?)
- You called my mom, dad and my brother, too?
4. 나까지 이걸 해야 돼? [하다] (na-kkaji igeol haeya dwae?)
- I have to do this, too?
5. 서울까지 꼭 갈 거야? [가다] (seoul-kkaji kkok gal geo-ya?)
- Are you really going as far as up to Seoul?
Notes
-마저 (majeo) is often used in the same context as -까지, but -마저 is more commonly used in writing than -까지.
- 까지 (kkaji) is a particle which marks a point in time or a certain location in which a certain action ends. It can be translated as "until," or "up to."
When used with location words it is typically preceded by another location word and the particle 부터 (buteo), the time/location point marker. 까지 (kkaji) marks a place where a movement or an action has started, and the other particle 부터 (buteo) marks where are movement or action has ended.
Formation
Time word / Location word + 까지
Time word
6시 (yeol si) - 6 o'clock
6시 + 까지
6시까지 (yeol si-kkaji) - until 6 o'clock
친구랑 6시까지 있을 거야. (chingu-rang yeol si-kkaji isseul geoya.)
I'm going to be with my friend until 6 o'clock.
Location word
시장 (sijang) - market
시장 + 까지
시장까지 (sijang-kkaji) - up to the market
시장까지 대려다 줄게. (sijang-kkaji daeryeoda julge.)
I'll drive you up to the market.
Example Sentences
1.여기부터 뉴욕까지 멀어요.
(yeogi-buteo nyuyok-kkaji meoreoyo.)
It's far from here to New York.
2.12시까지 약속이 있어서, 만날 수 없어요.
(yeoldusi-kkaji yaksog-i isseunikkan, mannal su eopseoyo.)
Because I have plans till 12 o'clock. I can't meet you.
3.여기까지 왔어?
(yeogi-kkaji wasseo?)
You came all the way here?
4. 하나부터 열까지
(hana-buteo yeol-kkaji)
One to zero (= every little detail)
5. 오늘은 여기까지예요.
(oneul-eun yeogi-kkaji-yeyo)
Today, it's until here. (= That's it for today.)
6. 어디까지 가세요?
(eodi-kkaji gaseyo?)
Until where do you go? (= Where are you going?)
7. 이것까지 해야 돼요?
(igeot-kkaji haeya dwaeyo?)
Do I even have to do this?
8. 언제까지 시간 있어요?
(eonje-kkaji sigan isseoyo?)
Until when do you have time?
Notes
-까지 (-kkaji) can also mean in certain situations, "even." In this cases, 까지 (kkaji) is linked to nouns.
친구까지 만났어? (chingu-kkaji mannasseo?)
You even met his friends?
Related Expressions
-부터 (-buteo)
When you want to say something is "too much" or "excessive," you can use the word 너무 (neomu). But when you want to specify for what it is too much, you can use the structure -기에는 (-gi-eneun).
-기에는 (너무)
-기에는 (-gi-eneun) is a combination of -기 (-gi), which is a verb ending for nominalization, and -에는 (eneun), which means "to" or "for." So this structure, -기에는 (-gi-eneun), basically means "for doing A" or "to do A." We often use it with the word 너무 (neomu), which means "too much" or "excessively."
Formation
Verb Stem + -기 + -에는
Example Sentences
1. 현금으로 사기에는 너무 비싸요.
hyeongeum-euro sagi-eneun neomu bissayo
It's too expensive to buy in cash.
2. 그 사람은 학생이라고 하기에는 너무 나이가 많아요.
geu saram-eun haksaeng-irago hagi-eneun neomu nai-ga manayo.
He's too old to be called a student.
3. 지금 전화하기에는 너무 늦지 않았어요?
jigeum jeonghwahagi-eneun neomu neutji anasseoyo?
Isn't it too late (at night) to call now?
-기만 하다 (-giman hada) is a verb ending that means "just have to" or "only need to." -기 (-gi) is a nominalization suffix for verbs, 만 (man) is a particle that means "only," and 하면 되다 literally means "if you do, it works." So all together, it means, "all you have to do is...."
Formation
오다 (oda) "come"
오 (o) - verb stem
오 + 기만 하면 되다 = 오기만 하면 되다 (ogi-man hamyeon doeda)
오기만 하면 돼. (ogi-man hamyeon dwae) "All you have to do is just come."
Example Sentences
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