- 아/어/여 보이다 (-a/eo/yeo boida) is the grammatical structure that expresses "to seem" or "to look." This structure is added at the end of the verb stem, and the tense and the mood are expressed through the verb 보이다 (boida). When used with nouns, the verb 같다 (gatda), which means "to be like," is used with this structure.
Formation
(Descriptve Verb) Verb Stem +아/어/여 보이다
예쁘다 (yeppeuda) "to be pretty"
예쁘 - verb stem
예쁘 + 어 보이다 = 예뻐 보이다 (yeppeo boida) "to look pretty"
너 오늘 진짜 예뻐 보여. (neo oneul jinjja yeppeo boyeo) "You look really pretty today."
Noun + 같아 + 보이다
학생 (haksaeng) "student"
학생 같다 (haksaeng gatda) "to be like a student"
학생 같 - verb stem
학생 같 + 아 + 보이다 = 학생 같아 보이다 (haksaeng gata boida) "to look like a student"
Example Sentences
1. 피곤해 보여. 도와줄까?(pigonhae boyeo. dowajulkka?) "You look tired. Do you want my help?"
2. 졸려 보여요. 어제 잠 못 잤어요? (jollyeo boyeoyo. eoje jam mot jasseoyo?) "You look sleepy. Couldn't you get any sleep last night?"
3. 가방이 무거워 보여요. (gabang-i mugeowo boyeoyo) "Your bag looks heavy."
4. 이거 너무 비싸 보여요. (igeo neomu bissa boyeoyo) "This looks too expensive."
5. 바보 같아 보여요. (babo gata boyeoyo) "You look like a fool."
-아/어/여 버리다 (-a/eo/yeo beorida) is a sentence ending that expresses the meaning of "to do something by accident" "to end up doing" or sometimes "to boldly do something that takes some courage to do so." 버리다 (beorida) alone literally means "to throw away," but here, it has the nuance of "to do something once and get done with it for good," therefore it is used to describe situations where you have done something that you didn't mean to do, or to describe quickly going ahead and getting done with an action. So you must look at the context to see which meaning the sentence takes.
Formation
Verb Stem + -아/어/여 버리다
지우다 (jiuda) "to erase"
지우 (jiu) - verb stem
지우 + 어 버리다 = 지워 버리다 (jiwo beorida)
번호를 지워 버렸어요. (beonho-reul jiwo beoryeosseoyo) "I've erased the number by mistake" or "I went ahead and erased the number. Now it's gone."
Example Sentences
- 비밀인데, 말해 버렸어요. (bimil-inde, malhae beoryeosseoyo) "It's a secret, but I ended up telling it by mistake."
- ID를 잊어 버렸어요. (aidi-reul ijeobeoryeosseoyo) "I've forgotten my ID."
- 오늘 주문해 버렸어요. (oneul jumun-hae beoryeosseoyo) "I went ahead and ordered it. It's done!"
- 미현이가 알아 버렸어요. (mihyeon-i-ga ara beoryeosseoyo) "Mihyeon found out! She's not supposed to."
- 가 버려. (ga beoryeo) "Get lost."
- 아/어/여 달라고 하다 (a/eo/yeo dallago hada) is a grammatical structure that expresses "to ask someone to do something." 달라고 can be changed to 주라고 (jurago) using the verb 주다 (juda – “to give”), but 달라고 is more common. 달라고 cannot be used in its dictionary form on its own and must be used with -고, the particle that expresses a reported speech, to form a sentence. The mood, tense and voice are expressed in the last verb, 하다 (hada). Here, 하다 means “to say,” so it can be replaced with 말하다 (malhada – “to say”), 얘기하다 (yaegihada – “to talk”), 요청하다 (yocheonghada – “to request”) or 요구하다 (yoguhada – “to demand”).
Formation
Verb Stem + -아/어/여 달라고 하다
* If you want to go back and study more about the -아/어/여 conjugation, please check out Beginner Season 1 Lesson 25, or check out the Grammar Bank in the Learning Center.
Example Sentences
1. 남동생이 자꾸 놀아 달라고 해요. [놀다] (namdongsaeng-i jakku nora dallago haeyo)
- My younger brother keeps asking me to play with him.
2. 엄마 아빠가 성적표 보여 달라고 하셨어요. [보이다] (eomma appa-ga seongjeokpyo boyeo dallago hasyeosseoyo)
- My parents asked me to show them my report card.
3. 민경 씨가 전화해 달라고 했어요. [전화하다] (mingyeong ssi-ga jeonhwahae dallago haesseoyo)
- Mingyeong wants you to call her back.
4. 비한테 안아 달라고 할 거예요. [안다] (bi-hante ana dallago hal geo-yeyo)
- I will ask Rain to hug me.
5. 친구한테 숙제 도와 달라고 했어. [돕다] (chingu-hante sukje dowa dallago haesseo)
- I asked my friend to help me with my homework.
아 /어/여 are the syllables that start the present tense conjugation for the simple present tense (both intimate and standard politeness levels), the past tense (both intimate and standard politeness levels) and also start a few other grammatical constructions.
ㅏ - is used for verbs that have ㅏ or ㅗ as the last vowel in the verb stem.
ㅓ - is used for verbs that do not have ㅏ or ㅗ as the last vowel in the verb stem.
ㅕ - is used for 하다 (hada) verbs.
Many times there are deletions and contractions with repeating vowels (If a verb stem ends in a consonant there are no deletions or contractions). The following is a list:
Formation
ㅗ/ㅏ Verb Stems
1.ㅏ + ㅏ -> ㅏ
2.ㅗ + ㅏ -> ㅘ
All other verbs
3.ㅓ + ㅓ -> ㅓ
4.ㅜ + ㅓ -> ㅝ
5.ㅡ + ㅓ -> ㅓ
6.ㅣ + ㅓ -> ㅕ
7.ㅐ + ㅓ -> ㅐ
하다 verbs
8.하 + ㅕ -> 해
Example Sentences
1.Verb stem with ㅏ[ㅏ + ㅏ -> ㅏ]
사다 (sada) - to buy
사 + 아 - 사
사 (Intimate politeness level - simple present tense)
사요 (Standard politeness level - simple present tense)
2.Verb stem with ㅗ [ㅗ + ㅏ -> ㅘ]
오다 (oda) - to come
오 + 아 - 와
와 (Intimate politeness level - simple present tense)
와요 (Standard politeness level - simple present tense)
3.Verb stem with ㅓ [ㅓ + ㅓ -> ㅓ]
서다 (seoda) - to stand
서 + 어 - 서
서 (Intimate politeness level - simple present tense)
서요 (Standard politeness level - simple present tense)
4.Verb stem with ㅜ [ㅜ + ㅓ -> ㅝ]
주다 (juda) - to give
주 + 어 - 줘
줘 (Intimate politeness level - simple present tense)
줘요 (Standard politeness level - simple present tense)
5.Verb stem with ㅡ [ㅡ + ㅓ -> ㅓ]
예쁘다 (yeppeuda) - to be pretty
예쁘 + 어 -> 예뻐
예뻐 (Intimate politeness level - simple present tense)
예뻐요 (Standard politeness level - simple present tense)
6.Verb stem with ㅣ [ㅣ + ㅓ -> ㅕ]
마시다 (masida) - to drink
마시 + 어 -> 마셔
마셔 (Intimate politeness level - simple present tense)
마셔요 (Standard politeness level - simple present tense)
7. Verb with ㅐ [ㅐ + ㅓ -> ㅐ]
보내다 (bonaeda) - to send
보내 + 어 -> 보내
보내 (Intimate politeness level - simple present tense)
보내요 (Standard politeness level - simple present tense)
8.하다 (hada) verb [하 + ㅕ -> 해]
하 + 여 -> 해
해 (Intimate politeness level - simple present tense)
해요 (Standard politeness level - simple present tense)
Notes
The standard politeness level typically just adds the politeness suffix -요 (-yo).
Related Expressions
Intimate Politeness Level
Standard Politeness Level
Intimate Past Tense
Standard Past Tense
ليست هناك تعليقات:
إرسال تعليق