When you have regrets, and wish that you or someone had or had not done something in the past, you can use this grammatical structure, -았/었/였으면 좋았을 텐데 (-as/eos/yeosseumyeon joasseul tende). The last part, 좋았을 텐데 (joasseul tende) comes from 좋았을 터인데 (joasseul teo-inde). 터 (teo) refers to a situation or a state, but we also use it to express assumption or intention. In this structure, -았/었/였으면 (as/eo/yeosseumyeon) expresses the condition of "if it had been in a certain way" or "if someone had done something," and 좋았을 텐데 (joasseul tende) means, "it would have been nice." So all together, -았/었/였으면 좋았을 텐데 (-as/eos/yeosseumyeon joasseul tende) takes the meaning of "it would have been nice if..." or "should have...."
Formation
Verb stem + -았/었/였으면 좋았을 텐데(요)
- 가다 (gada) - "to go"
- 가 + -았/었/였으면 좋았을 텐데(요) = 갔으면 좋았을 텐데(요)
Example Sentences
- 좀 더 일찍 만났으면 좋았을 텐데.
jom deo iljjik mannasseumyeon joasseul tende.
"If only we had met a little earlier."/ "It would have been nice if we had met a little earlier." - 너도 왔으면 좋았을 텐데.
neo-do wasseumyeon joasseul tende.
"It would have been nice if you had been there too." / "If only you had been there too." - 안 그랬으면 좋았을 텐데.
an geuraesseumyeon joasseul tende.
"If only you hadn't done that." / "I wish you hadn't done that."
Notes
The nuance of this structure however, is not as strong and imposing as that of -았/었/였어야 했어 or -해야 했어 since you are just making an assumption that it would have been nice.
You can't form a formal sentence ending in -ㅂ니다 using this structure. In that case, people usually add 말입니다 (mar-imnida) at the end.
- 았/었/였으면 좋겠다 (ass/eoss/yeoss/eumyeon joketda) is the grammatical structure that expresses a wish or a hope, and just like when the English verb 'to wish' is used, the conjugated structure of the verb in Korean is also usually in the past tense. The form in the present tense, -(으)면 좋겠다 ((eu)myeon joketda) can also be used, but the past tense is more commonly used, especially with the ending part "좋겠다".
Formation
Verb stem + -았/었/였 (the past suffix) + -으면 좋겠다
Ex)
- 오다 (oda - to come)
▷ 오 + -았/었/였
▷ 오 + 았 = 왔
▷ 왔 + 으면 좋겠다 = 왔으면 좋겠다
▷ 왔으면 좋겠어요 = I wish I/you/he/she/we/they would come.
Ex)
- 하다 (hada - to do)
▷ 하 + -았/었/였
▷ 하 + 였 = 했
▷ 했 + 으면 좋겠다 = 했으면 좋겠다
▷ 했으면 좋겠어요 = I wish I/you/he/she/we/they would do it.
Example Sentences
1. 내일 비가 안 왔으면 좋겠어요. [오다] (naeil bi-ga an wasseumyeon jokesseoyo)
- I wish it wouldn't rain tomorrow.
2. 빨리 내 생일이 돌아왔으면 좋겠어요. [돌아오다] (ppalli nae saengil-i dorawasseumyeon jokesseoyo)
- I wish my birthday came around soon.
3. 니가 담배 끊었으면 좋겠어. [끊다] (ni-ga dambae kkeuneosseumyeon jokesseo)
- I wish you would quit smoking.
4. 내 생각이 틀렸으면 좋겠다. [틀리다] (nae saenggak-i teullyeosseumyeon joketda)
- I wish I was wrong.
5. 꿈이었으면 좋겠다. [이다] (kkum-ieosseumyeon joketda)
- I wish I was dreaming.
Notes
When the first part of the sentence is expressed in the present tense (으)면 instead of the past tense, the ending part, 좋을 것 같아요 (joeul geot gatayo) can go along with it most naturally.
In Korean, -았/었/였 (at/eot/yeot) is the basic suffix for verb conjugation for the past tense. Followed by -던 (deon), -았/었/였던 (at/eot/yeotdeon) becomes a verb ending that makes the verb an adjective that can modify the noun that follows. This form takes the meaning of "something/someone that + past tense." The noun that comes after this verb ending can be either the subject of the verb or the object of the verb, but it's often very clear from the context. Another verb ending that has a similar meaning is -ㄴ/은 (n/eun). The difference is that -았/었/였던 (at/eot/yeotdeon) expresses a clear discontinuation between the present and the past.
Formation
Construction
Verb Stem + 았/었/였 + 던 + Noun
For example:
1. 보다 (itda) "to see, to watch"
보 (bo) - verb stem
보 + 았던 = 보았던 (boatdeon)
어제 보았던 영화 (eoje boatdeon yeonghwa) "the movie that I saw yesterday"
어제 우리가 보았던 영화 (eoje uri-ga boatdeon yeonghwa) "the movie that we saw yesterday"
어제 같이 보았던 영화 (eoje gachi boatdeon yeonghwa) "the movie that we saw together yesterday"
2. 말하다 (malhada) "to talk, to say"
말하 (malha) - verb stem
말하 + 였던 = 말하였던 = 말했던 (malhaetdeon)
내가 말했던 책 (nae-ga malhaetdeon chaek) "the book I was talking about"
아까 말했던 사람 (akka malhaetdeon saram) "the person who spoke earlier"/ "the person I talked about earlier"
Example Sentences
어렸을 때 살았던 집
eoryeosseul ttae saratdeon jip
"the house that we lived in when I was little"
전에는 몰랐던 기쁨
jeon-eneun mollatdeon gippeum
"a joy that I didn't know before"
작년에 입었던 옷
jaknyeon-e ipdeon ot
"the clothes that I used to wear last year"
아침에 먹었던 음식
achim-e meogeotdeon eumsik
"the food that I ate this morning"
밤에 내렸던 비
bam-e naeryeotdeon bi
"the rain that fell overnight"
Notes
☞ How is -았/었/였던 different from -ㄴ/은? ☜
- ㄴ/은 (n/eun) is also a past adnominal suffix, which works as a modifier in the past tense. The difference is that while -ㄴ/은 (n/eun) only represents a plain fact, -았/었/였던 (at/eot/yeotdeon) shows a clear distinction between the past and the present actions/states.
Example:
1. 어제 읽은 책 (eoje ilgeun chaek) "the book that I read yesterday" (plain fact)
어제 읽었던 책 (eoje ilgeotdeon chaek) "the book that I read yesterday (but not anymore)" (discontinuation)
2. 자주 간 식당 (jaju gan sikdang) "the restaurant that I often went to" (plain fact)
자주 갔던 식당 (jaju gatdeon sikdang) "the restaurant that I used to go to often" (discontinuation)
☞ How is -았/었/였던 different from -던? ☜
You can also express almost the same thing without the -았/었/였 part because both 았/었/였 and 던 express the past. But without the 았/었/였 part, the sentence changes its meaning a little bit. It still expresses discontinuation between the past and the present, but it expresses more continuation of a past state or an action.
Example:
1. 비가 온 날 (bi-ga on nal) "the day when it rained" (plain fact)
비가 왔던 날 (bi-ga watdeon nal) "the day when it rained" (It was raining on that day, but not anymore.)
비가 오던 날 (bi-ga odeon nal) "the day when it was raining" (It was raining when X happened.)
2. 친구랑 마신 커피 (chingu-rang masin keopi) "the coffee that I drank with my friend" (plain fact)
친구랑 마셨던 커피 (chingu-rang masyeotdeon keopi) "the coffee that I drank with my friend"
친구랑 마시던 커피 (chingu-rang masideon keopi) "the coffee that I would sometimes drink with my friend" (a repeated action in the past)
ليست هناك تعليقات:
إرسال تعليق