- ㄹ/을까 (eulkka) is a grammatical structure that usually acts as a sentence-ending part. This is in the same form as the volitional, but the meaning is different. When -ㄹ/을까 is used when talking about an incident, a person's feelings or the state of things, it expresses a suppositive or assumptive question.
Formation
▶ Future / Present Tense
- Verb stem ending in a vowel + -ㄹ까
- Verb stem ending in a consonant + -을까
▶ Past Tense
- Verb stem + -았/었/였- + -을까
* You can add -요 at the end of this structure to make the language more polite, but this grammatical structure doesn't have a formal politeness level, so you can't use the -ㅂ니다/까 ending with this structure.
Ex)
해(intimate) - 해요(standard) - 합니다(formal)
할까 (intimate) - 할까요 (standdard) - none (formal)
Example Sentences
1. 민호가 이걸 좋아할까? (minho-ga igeol joahalkka?)
- Do you think Minho will like this?
2. 내일 비 올까? (naeil bi olkka?)
- Will it rain tomorrow?
3. 언제가 좋을까? (eonje-ga joeulkka?)
- When do you think will be good?
4. 엄마가 잘 도착했을까? (eomma-ga jal dochakhaesseulkka?)
- I wonder if Mom has arrived safely.
5. 여기가 어디일까? (yeogi-ga eodi-ilkka?)
- I wonder where we are.
- ㄹ/을 리가 없다 (-eul li-ga eopda) expresses a doubt in the possibility or the likeliness of an action or a state. 리 (li) means a reason, a possibility, or a cause. This grammar structure is usually used in the present tense and the past tense, and even when it's refering to a future action, the sentence remains in the present tense.
Ex) 갈 리가 없다 (o)
- 갈 것일 리가 없다 (x)
This structure can be translated into English as 'can't + verb', 'there is no way that + sentence', or 'it's impossible that + sentence'.
Formation
Verb stem + ㄹ/을 + 리 + -가 있다/없다
있다 (to exist, to have) [present tense]
▶ 있 + 을 리가 없다 = 있을 리가 없다 = can't be (there), can't have
있다 (to exist, to have) [past tense]
▶ 있 + 었 + 을 리가 없다 = 있었을 리가 없다 = can't have been (there), can't have had
알다 (to know) [present tense]
▶ 알 + (ㄹ) + 리가 없다 = 알 리가 없다 = can't know
하다 (to do) [past tense]
▶ 하 + 였 + 을 + 리가 없다 = 했을 리가 없다 = can't have done
Example Sentences
1. 그가 저녁을 먹었을 리가 없다.
He can't have had dinner.
2. 저게 돈일 리가 없다.
That can’t be money.
3. 그가 이렇게 빨리 올 리가 없다.
He can’t be here that early.
4.내 여자친구가 날 찰 리가 없다.
My girlfriend can’t be dump me.
5.그 회사가 계약을 성공시켰을 리가 없다.
The company can’t be success a deal.
Notes
-ㄹ/을 리가 있다 is also possible but it can only be used in a question, and still has the same meaning since the question serves as a confirming statement.
▶ 그럴 리가 있어요. (x)
▶ 그럴 리가 있나요? (o)
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