This is one of the most common sentence endings in spoken Korean. By using this sentence ending, you imply that you are waiting for a response from the person that you are talking to. This originally comes from the combination of [ VERB + 그런데(geureonde) ]. 그런데 (geureonde) means "but," "however," and when combined with the verb of the previous sentence, it becomes the verb ending -ㄴ/는데 (-n/neunde) and you can add or not add 요 (yo) depending on the level of politeness of the sentence.
We can literally translate the sentence ending -ㄴ/는데(요) (-n/neunde(yo)) as "[Subject] + [Verb], but..." or "[Subject] + [Verb], however, ...." Although we still use it to express the original meaning, in spoken Korean, people use this sentence ending more often in order to show that they want some reaction or response from the other person. And we also often use it as a way to express surprise or to show exclamation.
So in English we can translate it as "Well, [Subject] + [Verb]" or "[Subject] + [Verb]... what do you think?"
Formation
Verb stem + -ㄴ/는데(요)
The verb 이다 and other descriptive verbs are followed by -ㄴ데(요), and other action verbs are followed by -는데(요).
이다 = 이 + ㄴ데요 = 인데요
예쁘다 (descriptive verb) = 예쁘 + ㄴ데요 = 예쁜데요
하다 (action verb) = 하 + 는데요 = 하는데요
We can use this sentence ending with the past tense, too.
이다 - Past Tense = 이었다 = 이었 + 는데요 = 이었는데요
예쁘다 - Past Tense = 예뻤다 = 예뻤 + 는데요 = 예뻤는데요
하다 - Past Tense = 했다 = 했 + 는데요 = 했는데요
Example Sentences
1. 지금이요? 지금 밖에 비 오는데요?
jigeum-iyo? jigeum bakk-e bi oneundeyo?
Now? Well, it's raining now.
2. 저 지금 바쁜에요.
jeo jigeum bappeundeyo.
Well, I'm busy now.
3. 어제 했는데요.
eoje haetneundeyo.
I did it yesterday. Why?
4. 내일 하려고 하는데요...
naeil haryeogo haneundeyo...
Well, I'm thinking about doing it tomorrow...
5. 이거 멋진데!!
igeo meotjinde!!
This is cool! (Do you think so too?)
When you want to say "Even though...still..." or "...but still" in Korean, you can use the structure -ㄴ/는데도 (-n/neundedo). You can use simple words like 그런데 (geureonde), 그래도 (geuraedo) and 하지만 (hajiman) to connect two sentences and show contrast, but using the structure -ㄴ/는데도 (-n/neundedo) shows a stronger contrast and emphasizes the nuance of "even though."
Formation
We can combine -ㄴ/는데도 (-n/neundedo) with 그렇다 (geureota), meaning "to be so," to form 그런데도 (geureondedo), which can work like 그런데 (geureonde), 그래도 (geuraedo) and 하지만 (hajiman) at the beginning of a new sentence. And for the past tense, you can use 그랬는데도 (geuraetneundedo).
To deliver a neutral nuance of contrast, -ㄴ/는데 (-n/neunde) without the '도' (do) part is enough. However, by adding 도 (do) you can make it stronger and emphasize it more.
Example Sentences
1. 밥을 먹었는데도 배가 고파요.
bab-eul meogeotneundedo bae-ga gopayo.
Even though I've eaten, I'm still hungry.
2. 설명을 들었는데도 모르겠어요.
seolmyeong-eul deureotneundedo moreugesseoyo.
Even though I've heard the explanation, I still don't understand.
3. 잠을 잤는데도 피곤해요.
jam-eul jatneundedo pigonhaeyo.
I've slept, but I still feel tired.
4. 돈이 있는데도 쓸 수가 없어요.
don-i itneundedo sseul su-ga eopseoyo.
Even though I have money, I can't spend it.
5. 약을 먹었는데도 아직 아파요.
yak-eul meogeotneundedo ajik apayo.
Even though I've taken some medicine, I'm still sick.
When someone tells you something surprising, something that you did not previously know, or something that you cannot believe, you can show your reaction by using this sentence ending, -ㄴ/는다고(요)? (-n/neundago(yo)?) or -았/었/였다고(요)? (-at/eot/yeotdago(yo)?). This sentence ending is basically a way to quote the other person, so it has the nuance of saying "Did you say...?" or "So, what you said was..." You can add 요 (yo) at the end if you want to be polite. And when it is a reaction to something that the other person did not say directly but that you heard from someone else, we can translate -ㄴ/는다고(요)? or -았/었/였다고(요)? as "I've heard that... Is that true?"
Formation
Present Tense
Verb stem + -ㄴ/는다고(요)? (-n/neundago(yo))?
가다 (gada - to go) + -ㄴ다고(요)
= 간다고? (gandago? - intimate language) or 간다고요? (gandagoyo? - polite language)
= "You're going?"
Past Tense
Verb stem + -았/었/였다고(요)? (-at/eot/yeotdago(yo)?)
가다 (gada - to go) + -았/었/였다고(요)
= 갔다고? (gatdago? - intimate language) or 갔다고요? (gatdagoyo? - polite language)
= "You went?"
Example Sentences
1. 혼자서 밥 먹었다고?
honjaseo bap meogeotdago?
You ate alone?
2. 이 책들을 다 샀다고?
i chaekdeul-eul da satdago?
You bought all of these books?
3. 어제 나를 봤다고?
eoje na-reul bwatdago?
You saw me yesterday?
4. 나한테 전화했다고? 몰랐어.
nahante jeonhwahaetdago?
You mean you called me? I didn't know.
5. 가방을 잃어버렸다고?
gabang-eul ireobeoryeotdago?
You've lost your bag?
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