-지도 -지도 않다 (-jido -jido anta) and -지도 -지도 못 하다 (-jido -jido mot hada) express negation or impossibility to choose either one of the two actions. -지 않다 (-ji anta) means "do not + action" and -지 못 하다 (-ji mot hada) means "cannot + action." Combined with -도 (do), which means "also, too," this structure means that neither of the two actions will or can be done.
Formation
Verb Stem + 지도 + Verb Stem + 지도 + 안/못 하다/않다
- 좋아하다 (joahada) "to like"
싫어하다 (sireohada) "to hate"
좋아하 (joaha) - verb stem
싫어하 (sireoha) - verb stem
좋아하 + 지도 + 싫어하 + 지도 않다 = 좋아하지도 싫어하지도 않다 (joahajido sireohajido anta)
술 마시는 것을 좋아하지도 싫어하지도 않아요.
sul masineun geos-eul joahajido sireohajido anayo.
"I neither like nor hate drinking alcohol." - 전화를 받다 (jeonhwa-reul batda) "to receive a phone call"
전화를 하다 (jeonhwa-reul hada) "to make a phone call"
받 (bat) - verb stem
하 (ha) - verb stem
전화를 받 + 지도 + 하 +지도 못 하다 = 전화를 받지도 하지도 못 하다 (jeonhwa-reul batjido hajido mot hada)
지금은 전화를 받지도 하지도 못 해요.
jigeum-eun jeonhwa-reul batjido hajido mot haeyo.
"I can neither take nor make phone calls."
Example Sentences
- 좋지도 나쁘지도 않아요.
jochido nappeujido anayo.
"It's neither good nor bad." - 쉽지도 어렵지도 않아요.
swipjido eoryeopjido anayo.
"It's neither easy nor difficult." - 도망가지도 숨지도 못 해요.
domanggajido sumjido mot haeyo.
"You can neither run nor hide." - 여기서는 물건을 사지도 팔지도 못 해요.
yeogiseo-neun mulgeon-eul sajido paljido mot haeyo.
"You can neither buy nor sell things." - 덥지도 춥지도 않은 날씨예요.
deopjido chupjido aneun nalssi-yeyo.
"The weather is neither hot nor cold."
- 지 않다 (-ji anta) is a the negative sentence ending, used for negating a sentence. It is considered the standard in which to negate a sentence. It is often used in written Korean (i.e. books, novels, manuals, newspapers) as well as it is used in spoken Korean. This construction can be translated as "no" or "not."
This structure is attached to the end of verbs (both descriptive and action) to negate these verbs. 않다 (anta) can be conjugated to reflect politeness level, tense, mood, etc.
Formation
Verb Stem + 지 않다
마시다 (masida) - to drink
마시다 + -지 않다
마시지 않다 (masiji anta) - not drink
저는 술을 마시지 않습니다. (jeo-neun sul-eul masiji anhseumnida)
I don't drink alcohol.
Example Sentences
(1) 나는 외롭지 않아! (na-neun oeropji anha!)
I am not lonely!
(2) 오늘 진짜 덥지 않아? (oneul jinjja dupji anha?)
Isn't it really hot today?
(3) 저는 학교를 다니지 않습니다. (jeo-neun hakgyo-reul daniji anhseumnida.)
I don't go to school.
Notes
Another way a sentence can be negated is by using the negative adverb 안 (an). The difference between the two is that 안 (an) is considered more colloquial, and 지 않다 (ji anta) is considered the standard way to negate a sentence. 지 않다 (ji anta) would be the negation most likely found in novels, textbooks, and newspapers, however, it is still used commonly in colloquial situations. 안 (an) would most likely be heard during a conversation and would typically not be found in written Korean.
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