- 지 말다 (-ji malda) is the negative imperative sentence ending and can be translated as "don't..." The verb in this construction, 말다 (malda), when used as an independent verb means "to stop," "to discontinue," "to cease." This construction is preceded by an action verb and is used to prohibit or dissuade someone from taking an action.
This construction can also be used as a negative proposition. Proposition, in addition to tense, mood and politeness level, is indicated in the verb 말다 (malda).
Formation
Verb Stem + 말다
Example Sentences
1.하다 (hada) - to do
하 - verb stem
하 + 지 말다.
하지 말다. - don't do (negative imperative)
하지 마 - intimate politeness level
하지 마요 - standard politeness level
하지 마세요 - standard politeness level (honorific)
하지 마십시오 - formal politeness level
2.울다 (ulda) - to cry
울 - verb stem
울 + 지 말다.
울지 말다 - don't cry (negative imperative)
울지 마 - intimate politeness level
울지 마요 - standard politeness level
울지 마세요 - standard politeness level (honorific)
울지 마십시오 - formal politeness level
3. 웃다 (utda) - to laugh
웃 - verb stem
웃 - 지 말다.
웃지 말다 - don't laugh (negative imperative)
웃지 마 - intimate politeness level
웃지 마요 - standard politeness level
웃지 마세요 - standard politeness level (honorific)
웃지 마십시오 - formal politeness level
4. 팔다 (palda) - to sell
팔 - verb stem
팔 + 지 말다.
팔지 말자 - let's not sell (it) (negative propositive)
팔지 말자 - intimate politeness level
팔지 말죠 - standard politeness level
Notes
말 다 (malda) has an irregular conjugation (refer to 'ㄹ' verbs in the grammar bank for an in depth explanation). Colloquially, however, the irregular conjugation also applies to 말다 (malda) where it traditionally shouldn't (intimate/standard present tense conjugation).
Traditional Conjugation:
말다 + 아(요)
Verb stem + 아(요)
말 + 아(요)
말아 (mala) - intimate politeness
말아요 (malayo) - standard politeness
Colloquial Conjugation:
말다 + 아(요)
Verb stem + 아(요)
마 + 아(요) [ㅏ + ㅏ = ㅏ]
마아 (maa) --> 마 (ma) - intimate politeness
마아요 (maayo) --> 마요 (mayo) - standard politeness
Both the irregular conjugation and colloquial conjugation are acceptable in speech.
In this lesson, you will learn how to tell someone not to do something and also learn some expressions related to phone calls. To tell someone not to do something, the verb ending that you can use is -지 마세요 (-ji maseyo). You can drop the end and just say -지 마 (-ji ma) if you are talking in intimate language. Forming a sentence using this structure is simple. To the verb stem, just add -지 마세요. (-ji maseyo).
Example Sentences
1.가지 마세요.
(가다, meaning "to go")
gaji maseyo.
Don't go.
2. 늦지 마세요.
(늦다, meaning "to be late")
neutji maseyo.
Don't be late.
3. 이거 먹지 마세요.
(먹다, meaning "to eat")
igeo meokji maseyo.
Don't eat this.
- 지 마(요/세요) (-ji ma(yo/seyo)) is the grammatical structure used to tell someone not to do something. Therefore, it can be used only with action verbs. Descriptive verbs should be changed into their action verb form to be used correctly with this structure. -지 마요 and -지 마세요 are both in the standard politeness level, but -지 마세요 is more commonly used. This structure comes from 말다 (malda), which means to stop, to give or to quit.
Formation
- Verb stem + -지 마 (intimate)
- Verb stem + -지 마요/마세요 (standard)
Ex) 기다리다 (gidarida - to wait)
- 기다리 + -지 마세요 = 기다리지 마세요 (standard)
= Don't wait.
Ex) 전화하다 (jeonhwahada - to call)
- 전화하 + -지 마 = 전화하지 마 (intimate)
= Don't call.
Example Sentences
1. 도서관 안에서는 떠들지 마세요. [떠들다] (doseogwan an-eseoneun tteodeulji maseyo)
- Don't be loud in the library.
2. 수영장 안에서는 뛰지 마세요. [뛰다] (suyeongjang an-eseoneun ttwiji maseyo)
- Don't run around the pool.
3. 낮에는 술 마시지 마세요. [마시다] (naj-eneun sul masiji maseyo)
- Don't drink in the daytime.
4. 오늘은 지각하지 마세요. [지각하다] (oneul-eun jigakhaji maseyo)
- Don't be late today.
5. 너무 쉽게 약속하지 마세요. [약속하다] (neomu swipge yaksokhaji maseyo)
- Don't make promises too easily.
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