When you are talking about something that you do not particularly feel like doing, or something that you would not gladly do because you think it is not the best idea to do so, you can use the structure, -느니 (-neuni). You add -느니 after what you do not want to do, and add the part saying what you would rather do after that.
Formation
Verb Stem + -느니
가다 (gada) = "to go"
가 + 느니 = 가느니 (ganeuni)
지금 집에 가느니, 여기서 잘게요. (jigeum jib-e ganeuni yeogiseo jalgeyo.) "Rather than going home now, I will just sleep here."
-느니 (neuni) is often used together with the verb ending -겠다, which expresses intention, but we can use other types of verb endings with it.
Example Sentences
1. 나중에 후회하느니, 지금 가 보고 싶어요.
najung-e huhoe-haneuni, jigeum ga bogo sipeoyo.
Rather than regretting it later, I want to go see it now.
2. 이걸 사느니, 차라리 지금 갖고 있는 것을 쓰겠어요.
igeol saneuni, charari jigeum gatgo itneun geos-eul sseugesseoyo.
If I have to buy this one, I would rather just use what I have now.
3. 혼자 영화 보러 가느니 그냥 집에서 영화 볼 거예요.
honja yeonghwa boreo ganeuni geunyang jib-eseo yeonghwa bol geo-yeyo.
If I have to go to the movies alone, I would rather just watch a movie at home.
Basically, when you say a sentence, the sentence itself does not have any implication or nuance that you want some agreement or reaction from the person you are talking to. But by using the suffix -네- (-ne-) in the sentence, you can add some nuance to the sentence that you want some sort of reaction (desirably agreement) from the other person.
For example, you can say, 오늘 날씨 좋아요. (oneul nalssi joayo.) to just deliver the fact that the weather is good today. However, if you want to mean "The weather is good today, huh?" or "I think that the weather is good today. What do you think?" or "I think the weather is good, and I wonder whether you agree or not," you can say, 오늘 날씨 좋네요. (oneul nalssi jotneyo.)
And sometimes, even when there is nobody around to talk to, or when you don't really want anybody to react to what you say, you can use this structure to express surprise about a discovery, like "Oh, it was here." or "Oh, it's good."
Formation
Verb stem + 네(요)
Note that usually, we form a sentence by adding -아/어/여(요) at the end of the verb stem, and in this construction, we add -네(요) (-ne(yo)) at the end of the verb stem instead of -아/어/여(요).
Example Sentences
- 이거 진짜 맛있네요.
igeo jinjja masitneyo.
"This is really delicious. (What do you think?)" - 오늘도 바쁘네요.
oneul-do bappeuneyo.
"We're busy today as usual, huh?" - 이 영화 진짜 재미있네요.
i yeong-hwa jinjja jaemi-itneyo.
"I think this movie is really good. Don't you think so?" - 여기서 또 만났네요.
yeogiseo tto mannatneyo.
"We are bumping into each other again here!" (Show of surprise) - 이거 재밌네.
igeo jaemitne.
"I find this interesting."
This speech pattern is often used by men amongst their closest friends. It is not exclusive to men, but it is used most often by men. And more often than not, it is used with friends that have been friends for a long time.
When this sentence-ender is used, it often portrays the speaker to be crass (thus, the reason it is used often by men). This can be considered less polite than the intimate politeness level.
This sentence ender is only used when asking questions.
Formation
verb stem + 냐
주다 (juda) - to give
주 (ju) - verb stem
주 + 냐 = 주냐? (junya?) - Are you giving it?
여자친구가 밥 주냐? (yeoja chingu-ga bap junya?)
Does you girlfriend give you food?
Example Sentences
1.잘 잤냐? (jal jatnya?) = 잘 잤어?
Did you sleep well?
2.시간 있냐? (sigan itnya?) = 시간 있어?
Do you have some free time?
3.이거 뭐냐? (igeo mwonya?) = 이거 뭐야?
What is this?
4.왔냐? (watnya?) = 왔어?
You're here?
5.너 방금 전화했냐? (neo banggeum jeonhwahaetnya?)
Did you call just now?
A plain declarative sentence is used to make a neutral statement about a fact. It can be a statement about a speaker's observation or thought. It is much like thinking to oneself, out loud. Statements in this form are about the speakers observation or thought in the present. This is inflected through the verb of the sentence.
It is not directed towards anyone in particular (including oneself), thus it cannot be categorized according to politeness level. However, it is closer to the intimate politeness level more than the other politeness levels because it is much like thinking out loud.
Formation
Conjugation of these verbs differ according to the type of verb (descriptive or action).
Descriptive Verb Stem + 다
(This is exactly the same as the dictionary form.)
바쁘다 (bappeuda) - to be busy
바쁘 (bappeu) - verb stem
바쁘 + 다 = 바쁘다 (bappeuda) - busy (plain declarative form)
Action Verb Stem + -ㄴ다/-는다
Action Verb Stems that end in vowels use -ㄴ다 (-nda).
오다 (oda) - to come
오 (o) - verb stem
오 + -ㄴ다 = 온다 (onda) - come (plain declarative form)
Action Verb Stems that end in consonants use -는다 (-neunda)
닫다 (datda) - to close
닫 (dat) - verb stem
닫 + -는다 = 닫는다 (datneunda) = close (plain declarative form)
Example Sentences
Action Verbs
1.비가 온다. (bi-ga onda).
It's raining. (Lit: The rain is coming.)
2.엄마가 먹는다. (eomma-ga meok-neunda.)
Mom is eating.
Descriptive Verbs
3.눈이 예쁘다. (nun-i yeppeuda.)
The snow is pretty.
4.키가 크다. (ki-ga keuda.)
You're tall.
-ㄴ/은데/-는데 Exclamatory(strong) Ending
- ㄴ/은데/-는데 (-n/eunde/-neunde) is a grammatical structure which ends a sentence for several different purposes. This grammar note explains this structure's use for exclaiming exclamation, astonishment, surprise, or interest.
This structure is used to illicit a response from the listener, while at the same time expressing the speaker's own astonishment, exclamation, bewilderment, surprise or interest. It can be used in situations when the speaker is responding to something (a comment, an observation, etc.).
All structures can be made polite by adding the politeness particle -요 (-yo).
Formation
-ㄴ/은데 (-n/eunde) is used for descriptive verb stems and the copula, 이다 (ida), in the present tense.
-ㄴ데 (-nde) is used for descriptive verb stems ending in a vowel. It is also used with the copula 이다 (ida).
바쁘다 (bappeuda) - to be busy (descriptive verb)
바쁘 (bappeu) - verb stem (ending in vowel)
바쁘 + ㄴ데 = 바쁜데
내인 바쁜데! - I'm busy tomorrow! - (expressing exclamation) (implication: so I can't do it!).
이다 (ida) - to be (copula)
이 - verb stem
이 + ㄴ데 = 인데 (inde)
나 선생님인데! - I'm a teacher! (exclamation, "But I'm a teacher!")
-은데 (-eunde) is used for descriptive verb stems ending in a consonant.
좋다 (jota) - to be good (descriptive verb)
좋 (joh) - verb stem (ending in consonant)
좋 + 은데 = 좋은데
좋은데! - It's good! - (expressing exclamation) - (implication: what do you think?)
- 는데 is used for all other cases regardless of what the verb stem ends in (action verbs, past tense for both action and description verbs, other sentence ending)
먹다 (meokda) - to eat (action verb)
먹 (meok) - verb stem
먹 + 는데 = 먹는데!
한국음식 먹는데요! - I eat Korean food! - (expressing exclamation) (implication: So I can eat this!)
작았다 (jagatda) - to have been small (descriptive verb - past tense)
작았 (jagat) - past tense verb stem
작았 + 는데 = 작았는데
이 학교 더 작았는데! - This school was smaller! (expressing bewilderment) (implication: what happened to the school?)
note: here, although this is a descriptive verb, -는데 is used because it is in the past tense. -ㄴ/은데 is only used for descriptive verbs in the present tense.
Example Sentences
1.한국이 참 좋은데!
Korea's quite good! (expressing delight)
2.저 사람이 프랑스어 하는데!
That person speaks French! (expressing interest)
3.내가 뭐 했는데!
What did I do?! (expressing exclamation - implication: so why are you yelling at me?)
4.어? 이 건물 아닌데!
Huh? It's not this building! (expressing bewilderment - implication: What happened to the building?)
5.와 그분이 멋있는데!
Wow... that person's cool! (expressing interest - implication: I wonder if he's single.)
Related Expressions
-ㄴ/은데/-는데 (-n/eunde/-neunde) - This construction is also used as the introductory Non-Final ending.
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