려고 하다 (-ryeogo hada) is an intentional sentence ending we use with action verbs and the verb of existence, 있다 (itda). This expresses the subject's intention or determines the subject's actions.
We can use it with all persons (first person, second persons, and third persons), whereas other intentional sentence endings are limited.
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We can translate this grammatical structure as "intend to (verb)," "going to (verb),"
and "plan to (verb)."
We express mood, tense, negation, and politeness levels in the latter part of the grammatical structure, 하다 (hada).
Formation
Verb Stem + -(으)려고 하다
Conjugation differs slightly (according to the verb stem).
I. Verb Stem that ends in a vowel +려고 하다
쉬다 (swida) "to rest"
쉬 (swi) - verb stem
쉬 + 려고 하다
쉬려고 하다 "to intend to rest"
저 는 쉬려고 해요.
"I intend to rest." / "I'm going to rest." / "I plan to rest."
II. Verb Stem that ends in a consonant +으려고 하다
받다 (batda) "to receive"
받 (bat) - verb stem
받 + 으려고 하다
받으려고 하다 "to intend to receive"
제가 받으려고 합니다.
"I intend to receive it."
Example Sentences
- 친구 집에서 영화 보려고 해.
chinju jib-eseo yeonghwa boryeogo hae.
"I'm going to watch a movie at a friend's house." - 내일 교수님을 만나려고 합니다.
naeil gyosunim-eul mannaryeogo hamnida.
"Tomorrow, I'm going to meet my professor." - 한국어를 공부 하려고 해.
hangukeo-reul gongbu haryeogo hae.
"I plan on studying Korean."
Notes
Many times, we shorten this grammatical structure. The following are a few different colloquial variations of this grammatical structure:
Original Construction:
-(으)려고 하다
For example:
- 자다 (jada) "to sleep"
자 (verb stem)
자 + 려고 하다
자려고 하다. "to intend to sleep"
자려고 해. "to intend"
Abbreviated/Shortened Variations:
I. -(으)려고
We remove 하다 from the construction. As we remove 하다 from this construction, there is no way to inflect politeness level.
Generally speaking, to end a sentence in this manner makes it is closer to the intimate politeness level.
For example:
- 자다 (jada) "to sleep"
자 (verb stem)
자 + 려고
자려고. "I intend to sleep."
II. -ㄹ/을라구
In addition to removing 하다, we have changed the construction itself. This is closest to the intimate politeness level.
For example:
- 자다 (jada) "to sleep"
자 (verb stem)
자 + ㄹ라구
잘라구. "I intend to sleep."
Related Expressions
Intentional (-ㄹ/을게)
Intentional (-을/래)
This grammatical structure is utilized to identify or clarify a noun. This usage is used to identify an person place or thing by name.
It is also used to It also serves a dual purpose and reports speech as well. When it is used to report speech, it is often used to emphasize by repeating what someone has said before. It is also used when one has not heard correctly, or when the speaker cannot believe what the speaker has said. In many cases it is also used as a form of the imperative, repeating what was said before to emphasize the order or request.
If it is used to identify or clarify a noun, it can be translated as "...is called." If it is used to report speech, this grammatical structure can be translated as "(I/he/you/she/we/they) said..."
-라고 하다 originally comes from -라고 말하다, but this construction, can function with or without 말 (mal).
Formation
When this structure is attached to nouns or question words it simply attaches to nouns.
(Noun/Question word) + 라고 하다
뭐 - (question word) - what
뭐라고 했어? - What did you say?
When this construction is used with action verbs, conjugated in tense,
(Verb Stem) + (으)라고 하다
가 - to go
가라고 해요. - Tell (someone) to go.
Example Sentences
1.저는 이유진이라고 합니다.
(I'm called Yujin Lee.)
2.할아버지가 우리 오라고 했어요.
(Grandfather told us to come.)
3.지금 뭐라고 했어?!
(What did you just say?!)
4.이 학교는 한국대학교라고 해요.
(This school is called Korea University.)
5.네? 뭐라고요?
(Sorry? What did you say?)
We can translate the English expression "for," "in order for," or "for the sake of," to Korean in many different ways, but what you can find most commonly in the dictionary is the word 위해서 (wihaeseo). However, this is only a direct translation of these expressions and we don't really use it in conversational Korean. When you do something so that someone can do something else, or when you do something because you want someone to do something, the expression that you can use to describe this is not 위해서 (wihaeseo) but -(으)라고 (-(eu)rago).
-(으)라고
We use -(으)라고 (-(eu)rago) to describe the cause or the intention behind an action, so we commonly use it when we want to explain why we did something.
Formation
Add -(으)라고 after the verb stem.
- 보다 (boda) - 보 + 라고 = 보라고 (borago)
- 잡다 (japda) - 잡 + 으라고 = 잡으라고 (jabeurago)
Example Sentences
- 나 들으라고 한 말이야?
na deureorago han mal-iya?
"Did you say that because you wanted me to hear it?" - 너 좋으라고 하는 거야.
neo joeurago haneun geo-ya.
"I'm doing this for you." - 나 잠 깨라고 찬 물 부은 거 누구야?
na jam kkaerago chan mul bueon geo nugu-ya?
"Who poured cold water on me so I could wake up?"
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