-고 싶다 (-go sipda) is a grammatical structure that expresses desire. We use this in conjunction with action verbs (and the static verb 있다). We can translate this ending as "want to (verb)."
The verb stem is inflected with the grammatical structure -고 싶다 (-go sipda). 싶다 (sipda) then can express mood, tense, politeness level, as any other verb.
Formation
[verb stem] + [고 싶다]
For example:
- 노래하다 (noraehada) - "to sing"
[노래하] + [-고 싶다] (noraeha) + (go sipda)
노래하고 싶다
noraehago sipda
"to want to sing" - 살다(salda) - "to live"
[살] + [-고 싶다] (sal) + (go sipda)
살고 싶다
salgo sipda
"to want to live"
Example Sentences
- 저는 한국에서 살고 싶어요.
jeo-neun hanguk-eseo salgo sipeoyo.
I want to live in Korea. - 오늘 아침에 아버지가 삼겹살을 먹고 싶었어요.
oneul achim-e abeoji-ga samgyeopsal-eul meokgo sipeosseoyo.
This morning, my father wanted to eat Korean bacon. - 말 해줘... 나 알고 싶어.
mal haejwo... na algo sipeo.
Tell me...I want to know.
Related Expressions
-(으)ㄹ래요
This grammatical structure expresses a sequence of actions that a subject performs, one after another. It provides information on the sequence of events that the speaker has gone through. It is used to convey the a sequence of actions before one comes or goes. As this structure is used to convey a sequence of actions, it is only used with action verbs.
The choice between 가다 (gada - to go) and 오다 (oda - to go) depends on the physical location of the speaker. The final verbs 가다/오다 (gada/oda - to go/to come) expresses the politeness level, tense and mood. This construction can be translated as "(verb) and go/come."
Formation
This construction is used with action verbs.
가다 (gada) - to go, is used when the speaker is describing an action before he/she goes or went.
오다 (oda) - to come, is used when the speaker is describing an action before he/she comes or came.
Verb Stem + 고 가다 /오다
만나다 (mannada) - to meet
만나 (manna) - verb stem
만나 + -고 가다/오다 = 만나고 가다 / 만나고 오다 (meet a friend and go/come)
제 친구 만나고 가요.
Meet my friend and go.
친구 만나고 왔어요.
I met my friend and came.
제 친구 만나고 갔어요.
I met my friend and left.
Verb Stem + 고 가다/오다
하다 (hada) - to do
하 (ha) - verb stem
하 + -고 가다/오다 = 하고 가다 / 하고 오다 (do and go/come)
숙제를 하고 가.
Do your homework and go.
숙제를 하고 왔어요.
I did my homework and came.
Example Sentences
(1) 친구를 만나고 왔어요.
- 친구를 만났어요 + 그리고 왔어요
(I met a friend and came. = I met a friend before I came here.)
(2) 우리집에서 점심 드시고 가세요.
- 우리집에서 점심 드세요 + 그리고 가세요
(Please have lunch at our house and go. = Please have lunch here before you go.)
(3) 커피 마시고 가자.
- 커피 마시자 + 그리고 가자
(Let\'s have coffee and go. = Let\'s have some coffee before we go.)
(4) 전화를 하고 오세요.
- 전화를 하세요 + 오세요
(Please give me a call and come. = Please give me a call before you come.)
Notes
This grammatical structure uses the particle -고 (-go) which can link several actions in sequence with the verbs 가다/오다 (to go/to come).
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We use 고 (go) to connect verbs together. Generally, we translate it as “and” in English, and it works like the English conjunction "and." We also use it for connecting two or more clauses together in a single sentence.
When we use it in a sequence of verbs, the last verb in the sequence does not carry 고 (go).
Formation
Verb Stem +고
(Verb Stem 1) 고, (Verb Stem 2) 고, (Verb 3).
- 쇼핑하다 (syopinghada) "to shop"
verb stem = 쇼핑하 - 밥 먹다 (bap meokda) "to eat food"
verb stem = 밥 먹 - 커피 마시다 (keopi masida) "to drink coffee"
(쇼핑하 + 고), + (밥 먹 + 고), + (커피 마시다) =
- 쇼핑하고, 밥 먹고, 커피 마시다.
syopinghago bap meokgo keopi masida.
"To shop and eat and drink coffee."
Clause 1 + 고, Clause 2 (Clause 3, Clause 4, etc.)
*In this construction, we attach 고 (go) to the verb stem in the clause.
- 공부하다 (gongbuhada) "to study"
- 가다 (gada) "to go"
한국어 공부했고, 집에 갔어요.
hangugeo gongbuhaetgo, jib-e gasseoyo.
"I studied Korean and went home."
Example Sentences
- 먹고 놀고 자는게 제일 좋다.
meok-go nol-go janeunge jeil pyeonhada.
"Eating, hanging out, and sleeping is the best." - 같이 밥 먹고 영화보는 게 데이트입니다.
gati bap meok-go yeonghwa boneunge deiteuipnida.
"Eating and watching a movie together is a date." - 학교에서 수업 듣고 공부 하고 왔어요.
hakgyo-eseo sueop deu-go gongbu hago wasseoyo.
"I went to class, studied at school, and came back." - 요즘에 공부하고 일해요.
yojeum-e gongbuhago ilhaeyo.
"I study and work lately." - 이거 먹고 저것도 먹을래요.
igeo meokgo jeogeot-do meokeullaeyo.
"I want to eat this one, and eat that one, too." - 영화 보고 밥 먹으러 가자!
yeonghwa bogo bap meogeureo gaja.
"Let's watch a movie and go eat!" - 어제? 게임 하고, 영화 보고, 노래방 갔어.
eoje? geim hago, yeonghwa bogo, noraebang gasseo.
"Yesterday? I played games, watched a movie, and went to a karaoke club." - 사진 찍고, 걸어다녀요.
sajin jjikgo, georeodanyeoyo.
"I take pictures and walk around."
Notes
The last verb in the sequence does not carry 고.
- 고 (-go) is used in reported speech and acts as quotation marks. The statement of question that is being reported comes before -고 (-go). The sentence that is being reported is not taken verbatim, but takes different endings, according to the sentence type being reported. What follows after that is typically a speaking or listening verb.
Examples:
(1)-고 말하다 - "said..."
(2)-고 하다 - "said..."
(3)-고 말씀하시다 - "said..." (honorific)
(4)-고 듣다 - "heard..."
(5)-고 묻다 - "asked"
The listening/speaking verb inflects the tense, mood, negation or politeness level.
Formation
The verb of the sentence being reported must generally takes a different form according to the sentence type being reported.
Reporting a Statement:
Intimate declarative form + 고 (Speaking/Listening Verb)
Statement: 학교 안 갔어요. (I didn't go to school)
Verb in declarative form: 갔다
학교 안 갔다 + 고 말하다.
학교 안 갔다고 말했어요.
(He) said (he) didn't go to school.
Reporting a Question:
Intimate interrogative form + 고 (Speaking/Listening Verb)
Question: 누구예요? (Who are you?)
Verb in intimate interrogative: 누구냐?
누구냐 + 고 묻다.
누구냐고 물었어요.
(She) asked who (I) am?
Reporting a Propositive
Intimate Propositive form + 고 (Speaking/Listening Verb)
Proposition: 라면 먹자. (Let's eat ramyun.)
Verb in intimate propositive: 먹자
먹자 + 고 하다.
라면 먹자고 해요.
(She) says lets eat ramyun.
Reporting an Imperative statement.
[-(으)라] Intimate Imperative statement + 고 (Speaking/Listening Verb)
Imperative: 식사 하세요! (Eat food!)
Verb in Intimate Imperative: 하라
하라 + 고 말하다
식사 하라고 말 합니다.
(He) says 'eat.'
Example Sentences
(1)우리 엄마는 내가 예쁘다고 말했어. (My mother said that I am pretty.)
- 예쁘다 (pretty - intimate declarative) + -고 (Speaking/Listening Verb) - (말하다 - to say)
- 예쁘다고 말하다 (to say that (she) is pretty)
(2)지혜는 네가 아프다고 말했어. (Jihye said that you were sick.)
- 아프다 (sick - intimate declarative) + -고 (Speaking/Listening Verb) - (말하다 - to say)
- 아프다고 말하다 (to say that (you) are sick)
-하다 (-hada) is a shortened version of 말하다 (malhada).
(3)민수는 지금 공부한다고 했어. (Minsu said he\'s studying now.)
- 공부한다 (study - present tense of "to study") + -고 하다 (to say)
- 공부한다고 하다 (to say that (he) studies)
(4)엄마가 부산에서는 어제 비가 왔다고 했어. (My mother said it rained yesterday in Busan.)
- 비가 왔다 (it rained - past tense declarative) + -고 하다 (to say)
- 비가 왔다고 하다 (to say that it rained)
- 겠다 (-gaetda) is used to express probability as a conjecture or supposition. When the speaker takes some information from his or her surroundings and wishes to make a supposition, this suffix is used. It must be used in the declarative, and solely with descriptive verbs. This grammatical structure is regarded as in the intimate politeness level.
As this structure indicates the speakers supposition, it is never used to make a supposition of oneself.
This structure can be translated as "must be," "is probably," "I guess."
Formation
Verb Stem + 겠다
Example:
덥다 (deopta) - to be hot
덥 (verb stem)
덥 + 겠다 (deop + getda)
덥겠다 (deopgetda) - (You) must be hot.
Example Sentences
1.오늘 피곤하겠다. (oneul pigonhagetda.) - (You) must be tired today.
2.그분이 힘들겠다. (geubun-i himdeulgetda). - That person must be tired.
3.와! 그 케이크 맛있겠다! (wa! geu keikeu masitgetda!) - Wow, that cake must be delicious! (I bet that cake is delicious!)
Related Expressions
Future Indicative
-게 되다 (-ge doeda) is a way to express the meaning of "it happens that..." or "the circumstances are that...." We can translate this structure into English in many ways, but the focus is that the cause of the action or the state doesn't come from the person but from the circumstances or other people.
This structure literally means, "to become a certain state," so it implies many possibilities as to "how" that happened.
Formation
Verb Stem + -게 되다
- 하다 (hada) "to do"
하 (ha) - verb stem
하 + 게 되다 = 하게 되다 (hage doeda)
Example Sentences
- 알게 될 거예요.
alge doel geo-yeyo.
"You'll know" ("I'll let you know." / "You'll naturally get to know.") - 만나게 될 거야.
mannage doel geo-ya.
"We'll meet each other." ("The circumstances where we'll meet will come.") - 제가 하게 됐어요.
je-ga hage dwaesseoyo.
"I've been assigned to do it." ("They made me do it.") - 그렇게 됐어요.
geureoke dwaesseoyo.
"It just happened." ("Don't ask me why.") - 또 보게 되겠죠.
tto boge doegetjyo.
"I'm sure we'll meet again."
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